5 New Materials Revolutionising Construction

The construction industry is on the brink of a transformative era fuelled by advancements in materials and engineering. These materials provide unparalleled features, spanning from heightened sustainability and durability to enhanced energy efficiency and aesthetic charm. As architects, engineers, and developers search for solutions to address the challenges of climate change and resource shortages, these materials hold the key to creating a more sustainable environment. In this exploration, we will delve into the potential of these state-of-the-art materials and their influence on the future of construction.

Originating from Stockholm’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology, the breakthrough in transparent wood led by Professor Lars Berglund and his team facilitates its mass production and commercial viability. With its scalability and practicability for large-scale manufacturing, its commercial potential opens up opportunities for architects, manufacturers, and designers to incorporate this sustainable material into a wide range of products and construction projects. By offering a renewable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional materials, transparent wood not only addresses environmental concerns but also aligns with the growing demand for sustainable solutions in the global marketplace.

In 2015, Henk Jonker from Delft University of Technology unveiled an innovative method for concrete crack repair using bacteria. This involved adding capsules of specific bacteria and nutrients to the concrete, which remained dormant until activated by water. When cracks formed and water entered, the bacteria triggered a healing process by producing limestone, effectively filling the cracks and restoring structural integrity. Additionally, Korean researchers developed another self-healing concrete alternative, using capsules containing a polymer that reacts to moisture and sunlight. Upon crack formation, the capsules rupture, releasing the polymer, which swells and fills the cracks, providing a sustainable repair solution. Modern techniques draw inspiration from ancient Roman construction methods. The Romans used quicklime to initiate chemical reactions, forming calcium deposits that naturally repaired cracks. Understanding these historical techniques can fuel the development of innovative modern materials.

Carbon fibre is increasingly finding its place in construction, where the demand for strength and lightness is high. Carbon fibre is 75% lighter than iron and 30% lighter than aluminium and is revolutionising traditional building methods. It reinforces materials like bricks, concrete blocks, and wooden structures, enhancing their strength while reducing weight. Additionally, carbon fibre allows for thinner panels, further decreasing overall weight and providing excellent thermal insulation. Despite its numerous advantages, the high cost remains a limitation to its widespread adoption.

The discovery of aerogels dates back to 1931, when Samuel Stephens Kistler first developed the material. His approach allowed for the creation of a substance that was 99.8% air yet possessed incredible properties. Originally crafted from silica gels, Kistler later explored aerogels based on aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, and tin dioxide, with carbon aerogels emerging in the late 1980s. Today, aerogel offers effective soundproofing, thermal insulation, moisture and fire resistance, lightweight construction, and sustainability. 

Made primarily of 70% marble chips and 30% additives, liquid granite offers versatility across a range of surfaces, including concrete, brickwork, and asphalt. Upon solidifying, it becomes durable against weathering and damage, fostering longer-lasting structures with reduced maintenance demands. In addition to its structural advantages, the aesthetic beauty of natural granite enhances the visual appeal of buildings and structures. With a wide array of colours and finishes to suit various architectural styles and design preferences, it adds a touch of elegance to any project. Furthermore, the eco-conscious composition of liquid granite, which integrates safe resins, natural marble chips, and mineral fillers, highlights its role in promoting sustainable construction practices and environmental conservation initiatives. Moreover, its outstanding heat resistance sets it apart from traditional concrete, making it suitable for use in environments exposed to extreme temperatures.

In summary, the advancements demonstrated in transparent wood, self-healing concrete, carbon fibre, aerogel, and liquid granite mark significant progress in the construction industry toward sustainability, durability, and innovation. Each of these materials offers unique properties and benefits, from transparency and self-repairing capabilities to lightweight reinforcement and exceptional insulation. As technology advances and materials research progresses, the certainty of revolutionising construction practices to create greener, more resilient buildings is greater than ever.

Morgan Engineering is proud to offer a range of civil engineering and structural engineering services. Together, we can create a way towards a more sustainable and efficient future in construction. Contact us today!